PSG has now won the season-opening cup on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times late to take a shock advantage. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the dying moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.